This manual, which presents what is commonly known as the 'Turabian' citation style, follows the two CMOS patterns of documentation but offers slight modifications suited to student texts. Turabian's Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (8th edition). In addition to consulting The Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition) for more information, students may also find it useful to consult Kate L. For examples of how these citation styles work in research papers, consult our sample papers:

Though the two systems both convey all of the important information about each source, they differ not only in terms of the way they direct readers to these sources, but also in terms of their formatting (e.g., the position of dates in citation entries). The other documentation style, the Author-Date System, is nearly identical in content but slightly different in form and is preferred by those working in the social sciences. The material on this page focuses primarily on one of the two CMOS documentation styles: the Notes-Bibliography System (NB), which is used by those working in literature, history, and the arts. The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) covers a variety of topics from manuscript preparation and publication to grammar, usage, and documentation, and as such, it has been lovingly dubbed the “editor's bible.” Please note that although these resources reflect the most recent updates in the The Chicago Manual of Style (17 th edition) concerning documentation practices, you can review a full list of updates concerning usage, technology, professional practice, etc. These resources follow the seventeenth edition of The Chicago Manual of Style (17t h edition), which was issued in 2017.

This section contains information on The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) method of document formatting and citation.

Writing Letters of Recommendation for Students.

Turabian footnotes